Punkt widzenia (w czterech odsłonach)
Abstrakt
The article aims to analyse four important point of view novels, namely Henry James’ The Ambassadors, Zasypie wszystko, zawieje [Everything Will Be Covered by the Snow] by Włodzimierz Odojewski, The Flanders Road by Claude Simon, and Morfina [Morphine] by Szczepan Twardoch. The notion of point of view serves as a starting point for considering the epistemological aspects of the novel and for tracing its evolution. James, both in his theory and novelistic practice, uses the point of view to make the character’s consciousness the main theme of his novels. Odojewski employs internal monologue to render the characters’ perspective, while Simon combines internal monologue with other voices. Finally, Twardoch’s novel can be interpreted as a parody of the point of view technique.
Słowa kluczowe
punkt widzenia; Henry James; Włodzimierz Odojewski; Claude Simon; Szczepan Twardoch
Bibliografia
Bartmiński, Jerzy. “Punkt widzenia, perspektywa językowa, językowy obraz świata” [‘Point of View, Linguistic Perspective, Linguistic Worldview’]. In Językowy obraz świata [The Linguistic Worldview], ed. Jerzy Bartmiński. Lublin: 1990, 169-183.
Blackmur, Richard Palmer. “Introduction”. In The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces, ed. Richard Palmer Blackmur. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1937.
Friedman, Norman. ”Point of View in Fiction. The Development of a Critical Concept”. PMLA, vol. 70, no. 5 (1955): 1160-1184.
James, Henry. The Ambassadors. Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Stanford Patrick Rosenbaum. New York: Norton, 1964.
James, Henry. Turn of the Screw. Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Robert Kimbrough. New York: Norton, 1966.
James, Henry. “The Art of Fiction” In James, The Future of the Novel. Essays in the Art of Fiction. Ed. Leon Edel, New York: Vintage Books, 1956.
James, Henry. “Preface to What Maisie Knew”. In The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces, ed. Richard Palmer Blackmur. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1937.
James, Henry. “Preface to The Ambassadors” In The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces, ed. Richard Palmer Blackmur, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1937.
McHale, Brian. Postmodernist Fiction. London: Methuen, 1987.
Odojewski Włodzimierz. Zasypie wszystko, zawieje [Everything Will Be Covered by the Snow]. Warsaw: PIW, 1995.
Sartre, Jean- Paul. L'Être et le Néant. Essai d'ontologie phénoménologique. Paris: Gallimard, 1943.
Simon, Claude. La route des Flandres. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit, 1960.
Simon, Claude. The Flanders Road. Trans. Richard Howard. New York: George Braziller, 1961.
Stanzel, Franz Karl. Narrative Situations in the Novel. Trans. James P. Pusack. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1971.
Twardoch, Szczepan. Morfina [Morphine]. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2012.
Uniwersytet Warszawski Polska
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