Disability, Race, and the Black Satyr of the United States of America: The Case of Grover Underwood from Rick Riordan’s The Lightning Thief and its Film Adaptation by Chris Columbus
Abstract
This article aims to present the book-to-film metamorphosis of Grover Underwood from Rick Riordan’s novel The Lightning Thief (2005), adapted in 2010 by Chris Columbus for the screen. This character in both works is presented as an excluded member of the society: in the empirical world, as a disabled person, in the mythological one, as a satyr. What is more, in the motion picture, Grover, played by a Black actor, poses as an even more marginalised character, as a representative of a community discriminated in the USA. Therefore, the images of this character reflect the various levels of exclusion and show the ideological significance of a contemporary adaptation for the young audience. The comparative analysis is performed with the use of reception studies and critical race theory perspectives.
Keywords
adaptation; children's and young adult film; children's and young adult literature; Chris Columbus; classical mythology; critical race theory; disability; Percy Jackson; race; reception studies; Rick Riordan; The Lightning Thief
Supporting Agencies
The research results presented in this paper have been obtained within the project “Our Mythical Childhood… The Reception of Classical Antiquity in Children’s and Young Adults’ Culture in Response to Regional and Global Challenges” led by Prof. Katarzyna Marciniak at the Faculty of “Artes Liberales,” University of Warsaw, with funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme – ERC Consolidator Grant (Grant Agreement No 681202).
References
Barrie, J. M. (1906). Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
Better, S. J. (2008). Institutional racism: A primer on theory and strategies for social change (2nd ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Bradshaw, P. (2018, February 6). Black Panther review – Marvel’s thrilling vision of the afrofuture. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/feb/06/black-panther-review-marvel-wakanda-chadwick-boseman.
Carroll, L. (1865). Alice’s adventures in Wonderland. London: Macmillan.
Chibnall, C., Strevens, M., & Hoyle, S. (Producers). (2018). Doctor Who [Television series, season 11]. London: BBC One.
Choczaj, M. (2011). O adaptacji, ekranizacji, przekładzie intersemiotycznym i innych zmartwieniach teorii literatury, filmu i mediów. Przestrzenie teorii, 16, 11–39. https://doi.org/10.14746/pt.2011.16.1.
Del Vecho, P., Lasseter, J. (Producers), Clements, R., & Musker, J. (Directors). (2009). The princess and the frog [Motion picture]. United States: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Dylinskii. (2015, December 21). @jk_rowling https://t.co/NLG7jYqwpV [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/dylinskii/status/678894560395681792.
Eco, U. (2003). Baudolino (W. Weaver, trans.). London: Vintage Books. (Original work published 2000).
Eddo-Lodge, R. (2017). Why I’m no longer talking to white people about race. London: Bloomsbury.
Feige, K. (Producer), & Coogler, R. (Director). (2018). Black Panther [Motion Picture]. USA: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Fryer, P. (1984). Staying power: The history of Black people in Britain. London: Pluto Press.
Gamble, S., & McNamara, J. (Producers). (2015–Present). The magicians [Television series]. New York, NY: Syfy.
Grahame, K. (1908). The wind in the willows. London: Methuen.
Griffith, D. W. (Producer & Director). (1915). The birth of a nation [Motion picture]. United States: Epoch.
Grimal, P. (2008). Satyrowie. In Słownik mitologii greckiej i rzymskiej (M. Bronarska, M. Górska, A. Nikliborc, J. Sachse, & O. Szarska, trans.). Wrocław, Warszawa, & Kraków: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. (Original work published 1951).
Hardwick, L. (2003). Reception studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hoberman, D., Lieberman, T. (Producers), & Condon, B. (Director). (2017). Beauty and the Beast [Motion picture]. United States: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Hutcheon, L. (2013). A theory of adaptation (2nd ed.). London & New York, NY: Routledge.
Janka, M., & Stierstorfer, M. (2017). Verjüngte Antike im Mediendialog – Einleitung. In M. Janka & M. Stierstorfer (Eds.), Verjüngte Antike. Griechisch-römische Mythologie und Historie in zeitgenössischen Kinder- und Jugendmedien (pp. 15–27). Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter.
Kinberg, S., Barron, D., Shearmur, A. (Producers), & Branagh, K. (Director). (2015). Cinderella [Motion picture]. United States & United Kingdom: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Lewis, C. S. (1950). The lion, the witch and the wardrobe. London: Geoffrey Bles.
MacNeill, K. (2018), Percy Jackson and the Olympians (series): The lightning thief. In K. Marciniak (Ed.), Our mythical survey. Retrieved from http://www.omc.obta.al.uw.edu.pl/myth-survey/item/370.
March, J. (2014). Satyrs and Silens. In Dictionary of Classical Mythology (2nd ed.). Oxford & Havertown, PA: Oxbow Books.
Marciniak, K. (Ed.). (2016). Our Mythical Childhood…: The Classics and Literature for Children and Young Adults. Leiden & Boston, MA: Brill.
Marciniak, K. (Ed.). (2018–Present). Our mythical survey. Retrieved from: http://www.omc.obta.al.uw.edu.pl/myth-survey.
Michułka, D., & Waksmund, R. (2012), Why adaptations?. Filoteknos, 3, 15–21.
Miranda, L.-M. (Writer), & Kail, T. (Director). (2015, January 20). Hamilton: An American musical. Live performance at the Public Theater, New York, NY.
Mull, B. (2006). Fablehaven. New York, NY: Aladdin.
Navarro, B., Cuarón, A., Torresblanco, F., Augustin, A. (Producers), & del Toro, G. (Producer & Director). (2006). El laberinto del fauno [Pan’s labyrinth] [Motion picture]. Mexico, Spain, & United States: Picturehouse & Warner Bros.
Paul, J. (2017). The half-blood hero: Percy Jackson and mythmaking in the twenty‑first century. In V. Zajko & H. Hoyle (Eds.), A handbook to the reception of classical mythology (5th ed., pp. 231–242). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Ratcliffe, R. (2016, June 5). JK Rowling tells of anger at attacks on casting of black Hermione. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2016/jun/05/harry-potter-jk--rowling-black-hermione.
Rathbun, D., Wilson, C. (Producers), & Petersen, W. (Producer and Director). (2004). Troy [Motion picture]. United States: Warner Bros.
Riordan, R. (2008). The lightning thief. London: Puffin Books. (Original work published 2005).
Riordan, R., Venditti, R., Futaki, A., & Villarrubia, J. (2010). The lightning thief. New York, NY: Hyperion Books.
Rokicki, R., Tracz, J., (Writers), & Brackett, S. (Director). (2017, March 23). The lighting thief: The Percy Jackson musical. Live performance at the Lucille Lortel Theatre, New York, NY.
Roman, L., & Roman, M. (2010). Pan. In Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman mythology. New York, NY: Facts On File.
Rosenfelt, K., Barnathan, M. (Producers), & Freudenthal, T. (Director). (2013). Percy Jackson: Sea of monsters [Motion picture]. United States: 20th Century Fox.
Rosenfelt, K., Barnathan, M., Radcliffe, M. (Producers), & Columbus, C. (Producer & Director). (2010). Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The lightning thief [Motion Picture]. Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, & United States: 20th Century Fox.
Rowling, J. K. [jk_rowling]. (2015, December 21). Canon: brown eyes, frizzy hair and very clever. White skin was never specified. Rowling loves black Hermione:* https://t.co/5fKX4InjTH [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/jk_rowling/status/678888094339366914?lang=en.
Rowling, J. K. (Story), Thorne, J. (Writer), & Tiffany, J. (Director). (2016, July 30). Harry Potter and the cursed child: Parts one and two. Live performance at the Palace Theatre, London.
Sani, S. (2013). Hatred for Black people. Bloomington, IN: Xlibris.
Stierstorfer, M. (2017). Antike Mythologie in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur der Gegenwart. Unsterbliche Götter- und Heldengeschichten?. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Urbańska, M., & Wieczorkiewicz, A. (2017). O czym szumią wierzby po polsku. Rozmowa z Maciejem Płazą, pisarzem i tłumaczem. Czy/Tam/Czy/Tu, 2(1), 118–129.
Wieczorkiewicz, A. (2009). Monstruarium. Gdańsk: Słowo/Obraz Terytoria.
Woźniak, M. (2012). Adaptacja w przekładach dla dzieci – gawęda terminologiczna. Filoteknos, 3, 22–36.
University of Warsaw Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6840-6504
Anna Mik – MA, prepares a doctoral dissertation at the Faculty of “Artes Liberales” at the University of Warsaw (Poland) on monsters inspired by Graeco-Roman mythology in contemporary children’s and young adult culture. She works as an assistant in the project Our Mythical Childhood… The Reception of Classical Antiquity in Children’s and Young Adults’ Culture in Response to Regional and Global Challenges led by Prof. Katarzyna Marciniak. Contact: anna.m.mik@gmail.com.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Open Access Policy
All articles presented on the pages of ”Dzieciństwo. Literatura i Kultura” are published in open access under a Creative Commons license - Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). It means that:
- they can be made available and quoted under the condition of explicit and clear indication of the author/authors of the referenced text;
- you cannot use legal or technological means that would limit others in using the text under the terms of the license.
More information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/