Is Media Use a Cause or a Result of Educational Problems of Children and Adolescents – a Voice in the Discussion
Abstract
The article contributes to the discussion on the difficulties of unambiguously assessing the consequences of using information and communication technologies. The author cites examples of research in the field of pedagogy and psychology, pointing out that the findings do not specify cause-and-effect relationships. The text concludes with a question about the validity of casting the media as a ‘scapegoat’ and attributing blame to them for many negative phenomena occurring among children and young people.
Keywords
ADHD; autism; leisure; media; digital media; learning; child's play
References
Anderson, D. R., Levin, S. R., Lorch, E. P. (1977). The effects of TV program pacing on the behavior of preschool children. AV Communication Review, 25(2), 159–166.
Bałachowicz, J., Zbróg, Z. (red.). (2023). Codzienność/niecodzienność szkolna w czasie pandemii COVID-19 w dyskursie uczniów edukacji wczesnoszkolnej. Wydawnictwo APS.
Bednarska, N. (red). (2020). Dziecko – media – rozwój. O konsekwencjach obecności mediów w życiu dziecka. Wydawnictwo APS.
Bednarska, N. (2021). Style działań edukacyjnych oraz style nauczania nauczycieli a doświadczanie podmiotowości przez uczniów w czasie lekcji zdalnych w klasach I–III szkoły podstawowej podczas pandemii COVID-19. Studia z Teorii Wychowania, 12(3[36]), 169–187. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4814.
Beyens, I., Valkenburg, P. M., Piotrowski, J. T. (2018). Screen media use and ADHD related behaviors: Four decades of research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(40), 9875–9881. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611611114.
Czechowska, Z., Marcela, M. (2021). Jak nie zgubić dziecka w sieci. Rozwój, edukacja i bezpieczeństwo w cyfrowym świecie. Muza.
Council on Communications and Media, Brown, A. (2011). Media use by children younger than 2 years. Pediatrics, 128(5), 1040–1045. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1753.
Dominik, I. (2023, 28 grudnia). Źródłem wypalenia dzieci nie są tablety i smartfony, ale nawał obowiązków szkolnych i brak czasu wolnego. Rozmowa z Zytą Czechowską i Mikołajem Marcelą. Wysokie Obcasy. Pobrane 19 stycznia 2024 z: https://www.wysokieobcasy.pl/wysokie-obcasy/7,173910,27206136,nauczyciele-zrodlem--wypalenia-dzieci-nie-sa-tablety-i-smartfony.html.
Dunckley, V. (2015). Reset your child’s brain: A four-week plan to end meltdowns, raise grades, and boost social skills by reversing the effects of electronic screen-time. New World Library.
Ferguson C. J. (2015). Do Angry Birds make for angry children? A meta-analysis of video game influences on children’s and adolescents’ aggression, mental health, prosocial behavior, and academic performance. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(5), 646–666. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615592234.
Gamrat, M. (2021). Media elektroniczne a czas wolny dzieci w percepcji rodziców.
Pedagogika Przedszkolna i Wczesnoszkolna, 1(17), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.4467/23537159PPW.21.006.13990.
Kazubowska, U. (2017). Rodzina jako przestrzeń edukacji ku/dla bezpieczeństwa dzieci i młodzieży w cyberprzestrzeni. Rzeczywistość i wyzwania. W: M. Górka (red.), Cyberbezpieczeństwo dzieci i młodzieży. Realny i wirtualny problem polityki bezpieczeństwa (s. 162–191). Difin.
Kushima, M., Kojima, R., Shinohara, R., Horiuchi, S., Otawa, S., Ooka, T., Akiyama, Y., Miyake, K., Yokomichi, H., Yamagata, Z., Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group. (2022). Association between screen time exposure in children at 1 year of age and autism spectrum disorder at 3 years of age: The Japan environment and children’s study. JAMA Pediatrics, 176(4), 384–391. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.5778.
Ławicka, A. (2023, 2 lipca). Limity na technologię dla dziecka? [post opublikowany na portalu LinkedIn]. Pobrane 8 sierpnia 2024 z: https://pl.linkedin.com/pulse/limity-na-technologię-dla-dziecka-joanna-ławicka.
Nikkelen, S. W., Valkenburg, P. M., Huizinga, M., Bushman, B. J. (2014). Media use and ADHD-related behaviors in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 50(9), 2228–2241. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037318.
Przewłocka, N. (2020). Korzystanie z mediów elektronicznych a rozwój zabawy w grupie 5–6-latków [nieopublikowana praca licencjacka]. Wydział Nauk Pedagogicznych, Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej, Warszawa.
Ra, C. K., Cho, J., Stone, M. D., De La Cerda, J., Goldenson, N. I., Moroney, E., Tung, I., Lee, S. S., Leventhal, A. M. (2018). Association of digital media use with subsequent symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among adolescents. JAMA, 320(3), 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.8931.
Sugiyama, M., Tsuchiya, K. J., Okubo, Y., Rahman, M. S., Uchiyama, S., Harada, T., Iwabuchi, T., Okumura, A., Nakayasu, C., Amma, Y., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, N., Kinsella-Kammerer, B., Nomura, Y., Itoh, H., Nishimura, T. (2023). Outdoor play as a mitigating factor in the association between screen time for young children and neurodevelopmental outcomes. JAMA Pediatrics, 177(3), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5356.
Szczygieł, A. (2021). Status online – plusy i minusy nauczania zdalnego podczas pandemii COVID-19. Kultura i Wychowanie, 20(2), 9–27. https://doi.org/10.25312/2083--2923.20/2021_01asz.
Takahashi, N., Tsuchiya, K. J., Okumura, A., Harada, T., Iwabuchi, T., Rahman, M. S., Kuwabara, H., Nomura, Y., Nishimura, T. (2023). The association between screen time and genetic risks for neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Psychiatry Research, 327, 115395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115395.
Tower, R. B., Singer, D. G., Singer, J. L., Biggs, A. (1979). Differential effects of television programming on preschoolers’ cognition, imagination, and social play. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 49(2), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1979.tb02608.x.
Maria Grzegorzewska University in Warsaw Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7024-4671
Natalia Bednarska - PhD, works at the Institute of Human Development Support and Education of the Maria Grzegorzewska University in Warsaw (Poland). Her research interests include children's and adolescents' learning in a digitally dominated world, as well as the diagnosis and therapy of children with special needs, as well as the diagnosis and therapy of children with special needs. Contact: nbednarska@aps.edu.pl.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Open Access Policy
All articles presented on the pages of ”Dzieciństwo. Literatura i Kultura” are published in open access under a Creative Commons license - Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). It means that:
- they can be made available and quoted under the condition of explicit and clear indication of the author/authors of the referenced text;
- you cannot use legal or technological means that would limit others in using the text under the terms of the license.
More information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/